Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es explorar, mediante dos modelos de regresión logística multinominal, los factores que inciden en la pobreza multidimensional de las personas adultas mayores en México y en particular analizar cómo difieren entre mujeres y hombres. La fuente de información es la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2020. Los resultados muestran la relevancia de analizar la pobreza desde un enfoque multidimensional, ya que las distintas categorías de pobreza pueden tener disimilitudes en sus determinantes. Igualmente arrojan algunas diferencias notables entre mujeres y hombres, en un contexto de feminización de la vejez. Las odds ratio del modelo econométrico muestran que ser jefe de hogar incrementa las razones de probabilidad para las mujeres y las reduce para los hombres; hablar lengua indígena y vivir en una localidad rural; aunque tienen el mismo efecto positivo para ambos, el incremento es mayor para las mujeres. Contar con red económica tiene un efecto inverso en todos los cuadrantes, con un efecto menor entre la población femenina.

Abstract The objective of this article is to explore, through two models of multinomial logistic regression, the factors that affect the multidimensional poverty among the elderly in Mexico and in particular to analyze how they differ between women and men. The source is the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure 2020. Our econometric results show the relevance of analyzing poverty from a multidimensional approach, since we find noteworthy dissimilarities among the determinants by poverty categories. Moreover, the gender approach throws differences between women and men, in a context of old age feminization. Female household heading increases the odds ratio while reducing them for men. Speaking an indigenous language and living in a rural location, although with positive effect for both, the probability increase is greater for women. Lastly access to economic networks has an inverse effect in all categories, with a smaller effect among the female population.

Abstract Introduction Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience unique physical and psychosocial challenges that impact their health and quality of life. Early implementation of palliative care has been shown to improve various health care outcomes. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patterns of referral of patients with HNC to outpatient palliative care as they relate to utilization of resources and end-of-life discussions. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 245 patients with HNC referred to outpatient palliative care services at two Louisiana tertiary care centers from June 1, 2014, to October 1, 2019. The control group consisted of those that were referred but did not follow-up. Reasons for referral were obtained, and outcome measures such as emergency department (ED) visits, hospital readmissions, and advance care planning (ACP) documentation were assessed according to predictive variables. Results There were 177 patients in the treatment group and 68 in the control group. Patients were more likely to follow up to outpatient palliative care services if referred for pain management. Hospital system, prior inpatient palliative care, and number of outpatient visits were associated with an increased likelihood for ED visits and hospital readmissions. Those in the palliative care treatment group were also more likely to have ACP discussions. Conclusion Early implementation of outpatient palliative care among patients with HNC can initiate ACP discussions. However, there are discrepancies in referral reasons to palliative care and continued existing barriers to its effective utilization.

Objective: To improve the ability of psychiatry researchers to build, deploy, maintain, reproduce, and share their own psychophysiological tasks. Psychophysiological tasks are a useful tool for studying human behavior driven by mental processes such as cognitive control, reward evaluation, and learning. Neural mechanisms during behavioral tasks are often studied via simultaneous electrophysiological recordings. Popular online platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and Prolific enable deployment of tasks to numerous participants simultaneously. However, there is currently no task-creation framework available for flexibly deploying tasks both online and during simultaneous electrophysiology. Methods: We developed a task creation template, termed Honeycomb, that standardizes best practices for building jsPsych-based tasks. Honeycomb offers continuous deployment configurations for seamless transition between use in research settings and at home. Further, we have curated a public library, termed BeeHive, of ready-to-use tasks. Results: We demonstrate the benefits of using Honeycomb tasks with a participant in an ongoing study of deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder, who completed repeated tasks both in the clinic and at home. Conclusion: Honeycomb enables researchers to deploy tasks online, in clinic, and at home in more ecologically valid environments and during concurrent electrophysiology.

Anthropogenic emissions from industry, biomass burning and traffic are significant contributors to the atmospheric loading of nitrogen dioxide on the South African Highveld. These sources are dispersed across the region and emit nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) into the atmosphere at different elevations above the earth's surface. Additionally, atmospheric stability in the form of surface and elevated inversions decreases the dispersion of air pollutants and stratifies pollutants into distinctive layers above the surface. This study explores the Highveld near-surface nitrogen dioxide concentrations obtained using the ground-based Pandora-2s monitoring system. The Pandora-2s instrument retrieves surface NO2 levels from clear sky measurements using a fully parameterised algorithm. We present the first near-surface concentration measurements of atmospheric NO2 at Wakkerstroom, a site between Volksrust and Amersfoort, downstream of major source conglomerates, the Majuba power station and other industries. These data are explored in the presence and context of potential background NO2 concentrations in the area derived from other ground-based sensors. The quasicontinuous data show elevated surface NO2 levels in week 37 (September) of 2020 (7.3 ± 5.7 ppb), while the lowest levels were observed in week 15 (April) of 2020 (0.2 ± 0.04 ppb). The elevated surface NO2 levels are driven by dominant emission sources and transport trajectories, while the accuracy in the measurements is based on the high temporal resolution of the ground-based Pandora-2s instrument.

The Pongola Bush Nature Reserve lies in a narrow band along the escarpment between Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Although referred to as 'bush', this vegetation type may be considered to fit into the intersection of two types of scarp forest: the Northern Afrotemperate Forest and the Southern Mistbelt Forest. The area was heavily logged in the early 1900s with the need for timber for the emerging gold mining industry in Barberton. The forest fragment is now protected but lacks formal tree diversity assessments, and this study sets out to establish its community composition and richness using a range of standard techniques. Distributed throughout the forest, 127 circular plots (each 80 m²) were surveyed. In these, 1152 stems were measured for species, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH). Four species contributed roughly 70% of the 70 Mg ha−¹ above ground woody biomass. Stem size class distributions showed a high recruitment rate of small stemmed individuals and few large individuals. This pattern is consistent with the disturbance history of the site, with limited recruitment of certain species, mainly limited to early successional species. The Pongola Bush forest is particularly diverse in terms of tree species: 41 species were recorded, and it is estimated from the species area curve that there may be 70 tree species present. CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS: This survey is the first formal tree diversity survey conducted on the Pongola Bush which may assist future research and conservation strategies.

Resumen La contaminación del aire es un problema cada vez más preocupante debido a que constituye un riesgo para la salud de las personas y el ambiente. En México, existen regiones en las cuales la sociedad desconoce las condiciones de la calidad del aire y en otras no se hace uso y análisis de dicha información, por ello es importante el estudio de la evolución de la calidad del aire para generar estrategias que permitan mitigar los efectos adversos a la población. En esta investigación se analizó la tendencia de contaminantes criterio (PM 10 y O 3 y CO), considerando la distribución de los días buenos, regular y malos de la calidad del aire, así como la tendencia de las concentraciones horarias, diarias, mensuales y anuales en la ciudad de Villahermosa, Tabasco para el periodo 2011-2017 con información proporcionada por el gobierno del Estado para diseñar un mecanismo eficaz de comunicación. Se obtuvieron indicadores de calidad del aire con base en las normas oficiales mexicanas y el comportamiento temporal de los contaminantes. Adicionalmente, se entrenaron modelos de red neuronal artificial para la predicción de la concentración de los contaminantes. Finalmente se propuso el diseño de un portal web para la comunicación de la calidad del aire. De acuerdo con el comportamiento semanal, se mostró que todos los días estamos expuestos a potenciales riesgos a la salud por alguno de los contaminantes, que el segundo trimestre de cada año presenta las peores condiciones y que los contaminantes que mayormente condicionan la mala calidad del aire de la ciudad son CO, PM 10 y O 3 . Así mismo, las tendencias de PM 10 y O 3 indican un decrecimiento lento, -0.5 ug/ m 3-año, -0.0004 ppm-año respectivamente, lo que requiere redefinir estrategias gubernamentales que potencialicen su descenso. En este sentido, el portal web se propone bajo dos enfoques. El primero con la finalidad de comunicación, dirigido a la sociedad para que le permita tomar medidas preventivas sobre su exposición a altos niveles de contaminación. El segundo enfoque orientado a la comunidad académica y autoridades gubernamentales cuenta con información gráfica de la tendencia de los contaminantes criterios, que permita tener elementos analíticos para la estructuración de políticas ambientales.

ABSTRACT Air pollution is an increasingly concerning problem given it constitutes a risk for people's health and the environment. In Mexico, there are some regions where society does not know the conditions of air quality, and in some others this information is not used or analyzed. Hence is important the study of air quality evolution to generate strategies that allow to mitigate adverse effects on population. In this research we analyze the trend of Criteria Air Pollutants (PM 10 and O 3 and CO), considering the distribution of good, regular and bad days for air quality, as well as the trend of hourly, daily, monthly and annual concentrations in the city of Villahermosa, Tabasco between 2011-2017, with information provided by the State government, in order to design an effective communication mechanism. We obtained air quality indicators based on the official Mexican regulation and the temporal behavior of the pollutants. Additionally, we trained artificial neural network models for the prediction of air pollutant concentration. Finally, we propose the design of a web portal for the communication of air quality. According to the weekly behavior, is shown that we are exposed daily to potential health hazards by any of the air pollutants, also that the second trimester of each year shows the worst conditions and that the pollutants that have a greater contribution to air pollution in the city are CO, PM 10 and O 3. Likewise, the tendencies of PM 10 and O 3 indicate a slow decrease of -0.5 ug/m 3-year, -0.0004 ppm-year respectively, which requires a redefinition of government strategies that may potentiate their decrease. In this sense, the web portal is proposed under two main approaches: First, with the purpose of communication, aimed to the society so it can take preventive measures on their exposure to high contamination levels. The second approach is aimed to the academic community and government authorities, with graphic information on the criteria air pollutants' tendencies, providing analytical elements for structuring environmental policies.

ABSTRACT In experimental infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis, the acute and recovery phases can be distinguished, unlike human infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies and the recognition of immunogenic protein bands during the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis. Rats were infected subcutaneously with 400 or 4,000 S. venezuelensis infective larvae. The acute phase was characterized by elimination of a large number of eggs in the faeces on days 6-14 post infection; the recovery phase was characterized by the resolution of the infection between days 30 and 35 post infection. Differences in IgG levels were observed in the acute and the recovery phases. Different antigenic fractions were recognized in both phases of infection. It is concluded that proteins within the 30-40 kDa range are immunoreactive markers for both the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis, particularly using membrane antigen.

The surface interactions between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and lipase from Candida antarctica fraction B (CALB) were investigated at macromolecular and colloidal length-scales. In order to elucidate the reciprocal effect of the interactions on the individual component’s properties, CALB was either added during the synthesis of AuNPs or added to pre-synthesized AuNPs. In both cases, it was observed that the AuNPs are spherical and stable and, by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, changes were observed in the secondary and tertiary structure of CALB, that were dependent on the AuNPs concentration. Nevertheless, the catalytic activity of CALB was maintained, although at a lower percentage (≥ 80%), thus new bio-functionalities were inserted into AuNPs upon interaction with CALB. Using simple and straightforward approaches and state-of-the-art techniques important knowledge about CALB/AuNPs bioconjugates was gained, thus contributing to the development of new nano-biomaterials and for the safe use of AuNPs in biomedical applications.

Abstract: Introduction: Anti-receptor N methyl-D aspartate (anti-NMDA) autoimmune encephalitis is the leading cause of acute autoimmune encephalitis in children and adolescents, with the male group accounting for the highest proportion of cases in children under 12 years of age. Case presentation: We present the case of a female patient of six years of age, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of encephalitis, the most outstanding were aphasia of expression, hypotonia, seizures and disautonomy. After ruling out a viral etiology, in cerebrospinal fluid sample was performed for the detection of anti-NMDA autoantibodies, which was positive. After the start of steroid and immunoglobulin treatment, the patient gradually improved. Conclusions: Autoimmune N-methyl-D aspartate encephalitis should be suspected as part of the differential diagnosis of acute encephalitis. Early treatment is associated with a better prognosis.

Resumen: Introducción: La encefalitis autoinmune antirreceptor N-metil-D aspartato (NMDAR) es la causa principal de encefalitis autoinmune aguda en niños y adolescentes, siendo el grupo masculino el que abarca mayor proporción de casos en los menores de 12 años. Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de seis años de edad que mostró un cuadro clínico sugestivo de encefalitis, siendo lo más resaltante la afasia de expresión, además de hipotonía y crisis convulsivas. Tras descartar una etiología viral, se tomó líquido cefalorraquídeo para la detección de autoanticuerpos NMDAR, la cual fue positiva. Después del inicio de tratamiento con esteroides e inmunoglobulina la paciente mejoró paulatinamente. Conclusiones: La encefalitis autoinmune N-metil-D aspartato debe sospecharse dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de las encefalitis agudas. El tratamiento precoz está relacionado con un mejor pronóstico.

Abstract This paper analyzes the income profile of Mexican households. In order to do so, a semi-parametric model was estimated using gender of the head of the household. The results indicate that, due to the age effect, the income profile of households with a female head of household forms a flat, inverted U, in contrast to the proposition put forth by the life-cycle hypothesis. Conversely, income patterns of male-headed households were consistent with the form established in the hypothesis. Unlike its female counterpart, this profile was unaffected by family structure. This confirms that income is lower in female-headed households throughout the life cycle.

Resumen En este artículo se analiza el perfil de ingreso de los hogares en México. Para ello, se estimó un modelo semiparamétrico por sexo de la jefatura del hogar. Los resultados indican que el perfil de ingreso de hogares con jefatura femenina, por efecto de la edad, presenta una forma de U invertida plana, que contrasta con el planteamiento de la hipótesis del ciclo de vida. En contraparte, las pautas de ingreso de hogares con jefatura masculina tienen la forma establecida en esta hipótesis, y este perfil no se ve afectado por la estructura familiar, como en el caso femenino. Se confirma entonces que el ingreso de los hogares dirigidos por mujeres es más bajo a lo largo del ciclo de vida.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the risk of requiring hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit of the children of patients with preeclampsia, according to their type and time of onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study executed at Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, which included pregnant women who met the diagnosis of preeclampsia. The risk ratio of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from pregnant women with early onset preeclampsia and late onset preeclampsia was evaluated through Poisson regression with robust variance and adjusted by the confounding variables. RESULTS: This study included 369 women who met the diagnosis of preeclampsia. The percentage of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was 7,0% and the incidence of preeclampsia during the years 2015 and 2016 was 3,04%. In the bivariate analysis, the variables type of preeclampsia (early onset and late onset), sepsis and neonatal seizures, birth weight, weight for the gestational age, Apgar score and perinatal mortality were statistically significant (p <0.05) for admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, the children of pregnant women with EOP had a higher risk of being admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit than those of pregnant women with late onset preeclampsia (aRR = 19,51; 95% CI 9,74- 39,11; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: The neonates of pregnant women with early onset preeclampsia have a higher risk of being admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit compared to the neonates of pregnant women with LOP.

Resumen: OBJETIVO: Determinar el riesgo de requerir internamiento en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de los hijos de pacientes con preeclampsia, según su tipo y tiempo de inicio. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cohorte, retrospectivo, efectuado en el Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé entre 2015 y 2016. Se incluyeron las embarazadas que cumplieron con el diagnóstico de preeclampsia. El riesgo relativo de admisión a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de los hijos de pacientes con preeclampsia de inicio temprano y tardío se determinó mediante la regresión de Poisson, con varianza robusta y modelo ajustado. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 369 pacientes que cumplieron el diagnóstico de preeclampsia. El porcentaje de ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales fue de 7.0% y la incidencia de preeclampsia (2015-2016) 3.04%. En el análisis bivariado resultaron estadísticamente significativos para el ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (p < 0.05): el tipo de preeclampsia (de inicio temprano o tardío), sepsis y convulsiones neonatales, peso al nacer, peso para la edad gestacional, puntaje de Apgar y mortalidad perinatal. En el análisis multivariado ajustado, los hijos de las pacientes con preeclampsia de inicio temprano tuvieron mayor riesgo de ser internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales que los hijos de las embarazadas con preeclampsia de inicio tardío (RRa = 19.51; IC95%: 9.74-39.11; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Los hijos de las pacientes con preeclampsia de inicio temprano tienen mayor riesgo de requerir ser ingresados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales vs los hijos de las embarazadas con preeclampsia de inicio tardío.

Objective: To evaluate satisfaction and burden of mental health personnel providing mental health services for substance users and their families. Method: Five hundred twenty-seven mental health workers who provide treatment for substance users in five Brazilian states were interviewed. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and measures of satisfaction (SATIS-BR) and burden of mental health personnel (IMPACTO-BR) were collected. Results: Type of mental health service and educational attainment were associated with degree of satisfaction and burden. Therapeutic community workers and those with a primary education level reported being more satisfied with the treatment offered to patients, their engagement in service activities, and working conditions. Workers from psychosocial care centers, psychosocial care centers focused on alcohol and other drugs, and social care referral centers (both general and specialized), as well as workers with a higher education, reported feeling overburdened. Conclusion: This study offers important information regarding the relationship of mental health personnel with their work. Care providers within this sample reported an overall high level of job satisfaction, while perceived burden differed by type of service and educational attainment. To our knowledge, this is the first study with a sample of mental health professionals working with substance users across five Brazilian states.

This work evaluates the drying of the Paradisiacal Muse (banana) [1] using the laboratory apparatus SBAN located in the Territorial Polytechnic University José Antonio Anzoátegui (UPTJAA), The Tiger, Edo. Anzoátegui, Venezuela .The setting is achieved in march of the tray dryer (SBAN) operating in a discontinuous way by means of direct drying in an axial flow from the atmosphere up to 96ºC and with a control of speed of the hot air of 0 m/s at 9,1m/s. The process of drying of the banana with a thickness of 0,002m temperature of 50ºC to speed of 9,1m/s, in the first period of drying presented a loss of humidity 0,516 kg of water/kg of dry solid at one time anticrítico of 1,34h (4824s) until arriving to the critical point of 0,558 kg of water/kg of dry solid in the second period of drying of 1,667h (6001,2s) the speed falls losing a content of humidity of 0,473 kg of water /kg of dry solid until reaching the humidity balance of 0,053 kg of water /kg of dry solid. In the experimental curve of the speed in function of the free humidity reaches a final humidity of 6,3%. These experimental studies to laboratory scale allowed to select a team of model drying Re-g1 with capacity of each lot 60kg, energy source 9 kW, number of trays 24 and of dimensions 1,38mx1,2mx2m for a plant pilot, with a cost of 2.145.922,75 Strong Bolivars.

En este trabajo se evalúa el secado de la Musa Paradisiaca (plátano) [1] utilizando el aparato de laboratorio SBAN ubicado en el Universidad Politécnica Territorial José Antonio Anzoátegui (UPTJAA), El Tigre, Edo. Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Se logró la puesta en marcha del secador de bandeja (SBAN) operando de manera discontinua mediante secado directo en un flujo axial desde el ambiente hasta 96ºC y con un control de velocidad del aire caliente de 0m/s a 9,1m/s. El proceso de secado del plátano con un espesor de 0,002m,temperatura de 50ºC a velocidad de 9,1m/s, en el primer periodo de secado presentó una pérdida de humedad de 0,516 kg de agua /kg de sólido seco en un tiempo anticrítico de1,34h (4824s) hasta llegar al punto crítico de 0,558 kg de agua/kg de sólido seco, en el segundo periodo de secado de 1,667h(6001,2s) la velocidad decrece perdiendo un contenido de humedad de 0,473kg de agua /kg de sólido seco hasta alcanzar la humedad de equilibrio de 0,053 kg de agua/ kg de sólido seco. En la curva experimental de la velocidad en función de la humedad libre alcanza una humedad final de 6,3%. Estos estudios experimentales a escala de laboratorio permitieron seleccionar un equipo de secado modelo Re-g1 con capacidad de cada lote 60kg, fuente de energía 9 kW, número de bandejas 24 y de dimensiones 1,38m x1,2m x 2m para una planta piloto, con un costo de 2.145.922,75 Bolívares Fuertes.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory-enhanced surveillance is critical for rapidly detecting the potential re-emergence of Ebola virus disease. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for Ebola antigens could expand diagnostic capacity for Ebola virus disease. OBJECTIVES: The Guinean National Coordination for Ebola Response conducted a pilot implementation to determine the feasibility of broad screening of patients and corpses with the OraQuick® Ebola RDT. METHODS: The implementation team developed protocols and trained healthcare workers to screen patients and corpses in Forécariah prefecture, Guinea, from 15 October to 30 November 2015. Data collected included number of consultations, number of fevers reported or measured, number of tests performed for patients or corpses and results of confirmatory RT-PCR testing. Data on malaria RDT results were collected for comparison. Feedback from Ebola RDT users was collected informally during supervision visits and forums. RESULTS: There were 3738 consultations at the 15 selected healthcare facilities; 74.6% of consultations were for febrile illness. Among 2787 eligible febrile patients, 2633 were tested for malaria and 1628 OraQuick® Ebola RDTs were performed. A total of 322 OraQuick® Ebola RDTs were conducted on corpses. All Ebola tests on eligible patients were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Access to Ebola testing was expanded by the implementation of RDTs in an emergency situation. Feedback from Ebola RDT users and lessons learned will contribute to improving quality for RDT expansion.